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Leucophrye. Daughter of Mandrolytus. When her father's town was besieged she fell in love with the assailant, Leucippus 8, and betrayed the town to her father's enemies [Parth.5.6].
Leucosia 1. A cousin of Aeneas. She died in an island which was called after her [DH.1.53.2].
Leucosia 2. See SIRENS.
Leucothea (see Leucothoe 3, Ino, Halia). See Divinities of Waters & Landscapes and Athamas 1. As a mortal woman she was Ino, wife of Athamas 1. Leucothea, as a sea-deity, is related to both Ino and Halia [Cic.ND.3.39; Dio.5.55.7; Eur.IT.270; Hyg.Fab.2; Nonn.10.77; Ov.Fast.6.501; Pau.1.42.7, 4.34.4].
Leucothoe 1. See NEREIDS.
Leucothoe 2, with whom Aphrodite made Helius fall in love, was daughter of Orchamus, a king in Persia, and Eurynome 5. She was buried alive by her father, when he knew through Clytia 1 (one of the OCEANIDS) of his daughter's love for Helius [see Helius] [Ov.Met.4.190ff., 4.208ff., 4.240ff.].
Leucothoe 3 (see Ino). Ino's name after becoming a sea-deity. See Divinities of Waters & Landscapes and Athamas 1. [Ov.Met.4.542; Prop.2.26A.10].
Leucus 1. Cretan usurper. Leucus 1 became the lover of Meda 2, while her husband Idomeneus 1 [see ACHAEAN LEADERS] was fighting against Troy; and having killed both her and her daughter by Idomeneus 1, he became a tyrant, driving out Idomeneus 1 when he returned from Troy [Apd.Ep.6.10].
Leucus 2. See ACHAEANS.
Leucus 3. A singer from Lesbos in the army of Dionysus 2 during the Indian War [Nonn.24.231].
Lexanor. A warrior in the army of Perses 3 during the civil war in Colchis between Perses 3 and Aeetes [Val.6.686].
Libya, after whom the region of Libya (later called Africa) was called, is daughter of Epaphus 1 (son of Zeus and Io) either by Memphis 2, daughter of Nilus (one of the RIVER GODS), or by Cassiopea 4. She consorted with Poseidon and had children by this god: Agenor 1 (father of Europa), Belus 1 (father of Danaus 1, father of the DANAIDS), and Lelex 2, the Egyptian who became king of Laconia [see Sparta] [Apd.3.1.1, 2.1.4; Hyg.Fab.149; Nonn.3.287; Pau.1.44.3].
Libys. This is one of the SAILORS who tried to delude Dionysus 2 and, like his comrades, was turned into a dolphin by the god [Hyg.Fab.134; Ov.Met.3.581-691].
Lichas 1. See HERALDS.
Lichas 2. An ally of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy. He was killed by Aeneas [Vir.Aen.10.315].
Lichas 3. Defender of Thebes against the SEVEN. He was slain by Hippomedon 1 [Stat.Theb.9.291].
Licymnius. Bastard son of King Electryon 1 of Mycenae; his mother was Midea 1, a Phrygian woman. He is the only one of the brothers who did not die at the hands of the sons of Pterelaus, king of Taphos. Instead he was later accidentally killed by Heracles 1's son Tlepolemus 1 when the latter was beating a servant and Licymnius ran in between. Licymnius married Perimede 2 (sister of Amphitryon), and had children by her: Argius 2, Melas 3, and Oeonus [see also Amphitryon, Alcmena and Creon 2] [Apd.2.4.5-6, 2.7.7, 2.8.2; Dio.4.58.7; Pau.3.15.4; Pin.Oly.7.29].
Lidgus is the Cretan who, wishing to have a son and not a daughter, told his wife Telethusa that if she gave birth to a girl the child would be put to death. But when the child was about to be born Telethusa had a vision in her dreams in which Isis, in the company of other gods (Anubis, Bubastis, Apis 1, Harpocrates and Osiris), told her not to obey her husband's orders. Doing as the vision said she then disguised her daughter as a boy thus deluding her husband; and in time the girl became a boy [Ov.Met.9.666ff.].
Ligea. See NEREIDS.
Liger. An ally of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy. He was brother of Lucagus and killer of Emathion 3. Liger was slain by Aeneas [Vir.Aen.9.571, 10.575ff.].
Ligyron (see Achilles). Achilles' former name [Apd.3.13.6].
Limnaee. See NYMPHS.
Limnoria. See NEREIDS.
Lindus divided his father's land (Rhodes) with his brothers Camirus and Ialysus. He was son of Cercaphus 1, son of Helius; his mother was Cyrbia, daughter of Ochimus, son of Helius [Dio.5.57.8; Pin.Oly.7.74].
Linus 1 (Oetolinus) won great reputation as a musician, and was besides a master of eloquent speech. He is the son of Urania 2 (one of the MUSES) either by Apollo or by Amphimarus, son of Poseidon. It is said that Apollo slew him for being his rival in singing [Hes.Fra.1; Hyg.Fab.161; Nonn.41.376; Pau.9.29.6].
Linus 2. Son of impious Lycaon 2 [Apd.3.8.1].
Linus 3, son of Apollo and Psamathe 2 (daughter of King Crotopus of Argos), was exposed at birth by his mother and subsequently destroyed by the sheep-dogs of Crotopus. Because of the death of his son, Apollo sent Poine (Vengeance) to punish the Argives [Pau.1.43.7; Stat.Theb.570ff.].
Linus 4 taught Heracles 1 to play the lyre. He was son of Calliope (one of the MUSES) either by Apollo or by Oeagrus (father of Orpheus); others say that he was son of Ismenius. Linus 4 was killed by his disciple Heracles 1 who, in a fit of anger, slew him with a blow of the lyre [Apd.1.3.2, 2.4.9; Pau.9.29.9].
Linus 5. A soldier in the army of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES. He was killed by Hypseus 3 at Thebes [Stat.Theb.9.254].
Liocritus 1. See ACHAEANS.
Liocritus 2. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Liodes. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Lion 1 Cithaeronian. See BESTIARY and Heracles 1.
Lion 2 Nemean. See CONSTELLATIONS, BESTIARY, and HERACLES 1'S LABOURS.
Lion 3. See BESTIARY.
Lion 4 Cyrenaean. See BESTIARY.
Lioness 1 Libyan. See BESTIARY.
Lioness 2. See BESTIARY.
Lioness 3 Ambracian. See BESTIARY.
Liparus. Son of Auson, king in Italy. Liparus was chased from Italy and came to the Aeolian islands (north of Sicily), and having returned to Italy with the help of Aeolus 2, he died in great esteem [Dio.5.7.5].
Lipoxais. Father of a clan in Scythia. He was son of Targitaus, son of Zeus and a daughter of Borysthenes [Hdt.4.5-6].
Liriope. See NYMPHS.
Liris. One of Aeneas' soldiers in Italy. He was killed by Camilla [Vir.Aen.11.670].
LITAE. See PERSONIFICATIONS.
Litros. Along with Lapethus he commanded the Cyprian companies during the Indian campaign of Dionysus 2 [Nonn.13.432].
Lixus. One of the sons of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Locrus. Son of Phaeax 1. Locrus, having quarrelled with his brother Alcinous, made an agreement with him whereby Alcinous would be king of Phaeacia while Locrus, taking some treasures and part of the people, would leave the country. He then emigrated to Italy where he was welcomed by King Latinus 1, who married him to his daughter Laurine. Some time later, Heracles 1, who passed by driving the cattle of Geryon, and was received as a guest by Locrus. However, Latinus 1 tried to drive the cattle, and Heracles 1 went after him. Then Locrus (who had changed his clothes), came to the aid of his guest. But Heracles 1, having thought that Locrus was someone coming to the aid of the king, shot an arrow and killed him [Con.3].
Logasides. An Indian spearman who joined Deriades against Dionysus 2 in the Indian War. He was killed by Melisseus 3, one of the CORYBANTES [Nonn.36.282].
Lophis. After Lophis, the river in the land of Haliartus, Boeotia, is called. Lophis was killed by his father, who had known through an oracle that the way to find water in that arid region was for him to kill the first person he met. This person happened to be Lophis, whom his father then slew for the sake of water [Pau.9.33.4].
Lotis. See NYMPHS.
Loxo. See NYMPHS.
Lucagus. An ally of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy. He was brother of Liger. Lucagus was killed by Aeneas [Vir.Aen.10.575ff.].
Lucas. A front-rank soldier of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy. He was killed by Aeneas [Vir.Aen.10.561].
Lucetius. An ally of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy. He was killed in battle by Ilioneus 3 [Vir.Aen.9.570].
Lucius Junius Brutus followed Tarquinius Collatinus to his home after the rape of the latter's wife Lucretia 2; and after her death he swore to destroy kingly rule in Rome. He and his friend Tarquinius Collatinus became the first Roman consuls after the fall of Tarquinius Superbus and monarchy [Livy1.58.6ff.].
Lucretia 1. Wife of King Numa 3 of Rome and mother, by him, of Pompilia [see also Throne Succession from Troy to Rome at Troy] [Plu.Num.21.2].
Lucretia 2.
Lucumo 1. A Tyrrhenian general in the army of Romulus against the Sabines [DH.2.42.2].
Lucumo 2 (see Tarquinius Priscus) [Strab.5.2.2].
Lyammus. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Lycabas 1. See CENTAURS.
Lycabas 2. This is one of the SAILORS who tried to delude Dionysus 2 and, like his comrades, was turned into a fish by the god [Hyg.Fab.134; Ov.Met.3.581-691].
Lycabas 3, counted among the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS, was an Assyrian, friend and lover of Athis. He was killed by Perseus 1 [Ov.Met.5.59ff.].
Lycaethus 1. Son of Hippocoon 2. Like his father and brothers, he was killed by Heracles 1 [Apd.2.7.3, 3.10.5].
Lycaethus 2. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Lycaeus. Father of Phlias, one of the ARGONAUTS [Val.1.412].
Lycaon 1. See TROJANS.
Lycaon 2.
LYCAON 2'S OFFSPRING. See Lycaon 2.
Lycaon 3. Father of Pandarus 1 (one of the TROJAN LEADERS) and Eurytion 1, a companion of Aeneas in Italy [Apd.Ep.3.34ff.; Vir.Aen.5.495].
Lycaon 4. This is Lycaon of Gnossos, who fashioned the sword that Ascanius 2, son of Aeneas, gave to Euryalus 7 [Vir.Aen.9.304].
Lycaon 5. Father of Erichaetes, one of the soldiers of Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.10.749].
Lycaon 6. Son of Aezeius, one of the first kings of the Peloponnesus. Lycaon 6 was father of Deianira 4, mother of Lycaon 2 [DH.1.11.2].
Lycaste 1. One of the nurses of Dionysus 2 who followed him in his Indian campaign [Nonn.14.219ff., 29.263].
Lycaste 2. One of the women from Lemnos who killed all the men in the island. She slew her own brother Cydimus [Stat.Theb.5.226].
Lycastus 1. Son of Minos 1 (son of Zeus and Europa) and Itone, daughter of Lyctius. Lycastus 1 is father, by Ide 1, of Minos 2 [Dio.4.60.3].
Lycastus 2 fell in love with Eulimene 2 and consorted with her though her father had already betrothed her to Apterus. He felt forced to confess that he had made love to Eulimene 2 when she was about to be sacrificed as a virgin. For an oracle had ordained that a virgin should be sacrificed if better results were to be obtained in war. Despite Lycastus 2's confession, the assembly voted that she must die; and later Apterus, considering himself injured, laid an ambush and murdered Lycastus 2. The examination of the girl's body showed that she was pregnant [Parth.36].
Lycastus 3. Twin brother of Parrhasius. Their mother Phylonome (daughter of Nyctimus, son of Lycaon 2) cast them into the river Erymanthus. But a wolf suckled them and a shepherd, Gyliphus, reared them, and they survived. Their father was Ares [Plu.PS.36].
Lyce. See AMAZONS.
Lycetus 1, counted among the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS, dwelt by the river Spercheos and was in the court of Cepheus 1 when the fight broke up between Perseus 1 and Phineus 1. Lycetus 1 was killed by Perseus 1 [Ov.Met.5.86].
Lycetus 2. Defender of Thebes against the SEVEN. He was slain by Hippomedon 1 [Stat.Theb.9.292].
Lycidas. See CENTAURS.
Lycisca (see Lycisce) [Hyg.Fab.181].
Lycisce (Lycisca). One of ACTAEON'S DOGS. See Actaeon.
Lycius 1. Son of Lycaon 2 [Apd.3.8.1].
Lycius 2. Son of Clinis and Harpe 1. Lycius 2, together with his brother Harpasus, wished to sacrifice asses against Apollo's will and against the will of their father and siblings. But when they had taken them to the altar, the god maddened the asses, which started to devour the impious brothers, the pious ones and also Clinis. Poseidon, they say, feeling pity of Harpe 1 turned her into a bird, while Leto and Artemis, authorized by Apollo, decided to save those who were not responsible of impiety: Ortygius 1, Artemiche, and Clinis. Harpasus was devoured by his father's asses and Lycius 2 was turned into a white raven that became black at once by the will of Apollo [Lib.Met.20].
Lycius 3 (see Lycus 7) [Strab.14.3.10].
Lycomedes 1. King of Scyros (the island in the Aegean Sea northeast of Euboea) at whose court Achilles was brought up in female disguise, being there fetched by Odysseus so that he would join the coalition against Troy. It is said that before that, when Theseus came as an exile to Scyros, Lycomedes 1 treacherously threw him down an abyss, thus killing him; but others have said that Theseus just slipped and fell down by himself while walking in high places after supper, as was his custom. Lycomedes 1 was father of Deidamia 1, whom Achilles married [Apd.3.13.8; Hyg.Fab.96; Stat.Achil.1.349ff.].
Lycomedes 2. See ACHAEANS.
Lycomedes 3. Son of Apollo and Parthenope 2, a Lelegian daughter of Ancaeus 2, son of Poseidon [Pau.7.4.1].
Lycomedes 4. See SUITORS OF HELEN.
Lycon 1. See TROJANS.
Lycon 2. See SATYRS.
Lycon 3. See ACHAEANS.
Lycon 4. See TROJANS.
Lycopes. See CENTAURS.
Lycopeus. Son of Agrius 3, the King of Calydon in Aetolia deposed by Diomedes 2. Lycopeus was killed either by Diomedes 2 or by Tydeus 2 [see also Thersites] [Apd.1.8.6; Dio.4.65.2].
Lycophontes 1. See TROJANS.
Lycophontes 2. One of the Thebans who laid an ambush for Tydeus 2 when he returned from Thebes at the time of the war of the SEVEN. Like many others in this ambush Lycophontes 2 was killed by Tydeus 2 [Stat.Theb.2.610].
Lycophron. See ACHAEANS.
Lycoreus 1. Henchman of King Amycus 1 of the Bebrycians, people living in northern Asia Minor that were visited by the ARGONAUTS [Arg.2.51].
Lycoreus 2. Defender of Thebes against the SEVEN. He was killed by Amphiaraus [Stat.Theb.7.715].
Lycorias. See NEREIDS.
Lycormas, counted among the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS, was in the court of Cepheus 1 at the time of the quarrel between Phineus 1 and Perseus 1. He killed Pedasus 3 in this fight [Ov.Met.5.119].
Lycortas. This is a friend of Heracles 1 who took care of Psophis 3, whom Heracles 1 left pregnant at his home in Erymanthus, later called Phegia and afterwards called Psophis, in Arcadia [Pau.8.24.2].
Lycorus. Son of Apollo and Corycia. After him Lycoreia (city on Parnassos above Delphi) was named. Lycorus was father of Hyamus [Pau.10.6.3].
Lycotherses. King of Illyria (the region north of Epirus) whom Cadmus' daughter Agave 2 killed handing the kingdom over to her father [see also Cadmus] [Hyg.Fab.184, 240, 254].
Lyctius. Father of Itone [Dio.4.60.3].
Lycurgus 1. King of the Edonians (Thrace) or else the Arabians, who was the first to expel Dionysus 2. He used, when he met wandering wayfarers, to have them bound and dragged to his house, and then sacrificed to Ares; they were cut to pieces, and he took their extremities to decorate his gates. Some say that Lycurgus 1, driven mad by Dionysus 2, killed himself; others say that the MAENADS almost killed him but he was saved by Hera and made immortal, but first he was driven mad by Zeus so that no other man should be as proud as he; still others say that it was the Edonians who killed him, binding him to horses which rent him in pieces. Lycurgus 1 was son of Dryas 3, and father of Dryas 5. This son, they say, was killed by Lycurgus 1, who, driven mad by Dionysus 2, struck him dead with an axe [Apd.3.5.1; Hyg.Fab.242; Nonn.20.166, 20.187, 21.148].
Lycurgus 2. King of the Arcadians after the death of his father Aleus. His mother was Neaera 3, daughter of Pereus, son of Elatus 2, son of Arcas 1, son of Zeus and Callisto. Before dying at a very old age Lycurgus 2 had children Ancaeus 1, Epochus, Amphidamas 1, and Iasus 1; their mother was either Cleophyle or Eurynome 1 [see also Arcadia] [Apd.3.9.1-2; Pau.8.4.10, 8.5.1].
Lycurgus 3 (Lycus 11). King of Nemea, the city in northern Argolis. When the army of the SEVEN reached Nemea on its way to Thebes, his little son Opheltes 1 was devoured by a serpent, through the negligence of Hypsipyle [see also SEVEN AGAINST THEBES]. His wife was either Amphithea 2 or Eurydice 1. Lycurgus 3 was son of Pheres 1, son of Cretheus 1, son of Aeolus 1 [Apd.1.9.14, 3.6.4].
Lycurgus 4, son of Pronax, son of Talaus, king of Argos, is one of those who were raised from the dead by Asclepius [Apd.1.9.13, 3.10.3].
Lycurgus 5. Son of Heracles 1 and Toxicrate, one of the many daughters of Thespius [Apd.2.7.8].
Lycurgus 6. One of the SUITORS OF HIPPODAMIA 3. Like other suitors he was killed by the bride's father Oenomaus 1 [see also Pelops 1] [Pau.6.21.10].
Lycurgus 7. This is the Spartan lawgiver who flourished under the reign of Agesilaus [Pau.3.2.4].
Lycurgus 8. A Thracian king, son of Boreas 1 [see WINDS]. He was plotted against by his brother Butes 6 but discovering his conspiracy sent him into exile [Dio.5.50.1-2].
Lycus 1. One of the sons of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Lycus 2 dwells in the Islands of the Blest by the favour of his father Poseidon. Lycus 2's mother is Celaeno 2, one of the PLEIADES [Apd.3.10.1; Hyg.Ast.2.21].
Lycus 3. King of the Mariandynians in Mysia, Asia Minor, who gratefully received the ARGONAUTS because they had killed Amycus 1, king of the Bebrycians and his own enemy. Heracles 1 came to his court and was entertained by him; and in a battle between him and the king of the Bebrycians, Heracles 1 sided with Lycus 3 and slew many, among others King Mygdon, brother of Amycus 1. And the large territory Heracles 1 took from the Bebrycians he gave to Lycus 3, who called it all Heraclea. Lycus 3 was son of Dascylus [Apd.1.9.23, 2.5.9; Arg.2.776; Hyg.Fab.18].
Lycus 4. Father, by Pernis, of Ascalaphus 1 and Ialmenus 1 (both among the ACHAEAN LEADERS) [Hyg.Fab.97].
Lycus 5, brother of Nycteus 2, usurped the government in Thebes and reigned for 20 years. He and his brother had fled from Euboea because they had killed Phlegyas 1, and they lived first at Hyria coming later to Thebes, where they were enrolled as citizens through their friendship with Pentheus 1. When Nycteus 2 was about to die, he asked Lycus 5 to punish Epopeus 1 and Antiope 3 (the daughter of Nycteus 2), who had by then gave birth to twins: Amphion 1 and Zethus. So Lycus 5 marched with an army against Sicyon, subdued the city, slew Epopeus 1, and led Antiope 3 away captive. But since Lycus 5 and his wife Dirce imprisoned her and treated her spitefully, Antiope 3, having escaped and reunited with her sons, returned to Thebes as her sons slew both Lycus 5 and Dirce. Yet some have said that Hermes forbade the brothers to kill the usurper, while ordering Lycus 5 to yield the kingdom to Amphion 1. Lycus 5 was son either of Chthonius 2 (one of the SPARTI) or of Hyrieus (son of Poseidon) and Clonia (one of the NYMPHS). He is also said to have raped his niece Antiope 3, this being the reason for her fleeing to Sicyon [see also Amphion 1, and Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1] [Apd.3.5.5, 3.10.1; Eur.Her.27; Hyg.Fab.7, 8].
Lycus 6. A descendant of Lycus 5 from Dirphys in Euboea, said to have killed Creon 2, seizing power in Thebes. Creon 2 was at that time the protector of Heracles 1's family while the latter was performing his LABOURS. Lycus 6 planned to murder Amphitryon, Creon 2's daughter Megara, and her children by Heracles 1 as well. However, Lycus 6, son of Poseidon, was prevented by Heracles 1, who killed him at his return [Eur.Her.31, 184. and passim; Hyg.Fab.31].
Lycus 7 (Lycius 3) came to Arene in Messenia when he was driven from Athens by his brother Aegeus 1, and revealed the rites of the Great Goddesses to Aphareus 1 and to his wife Arene. Or else he came to Lycia, called after him. Lycus 7 was son of Pandion 4 and Pylia [see also Athens] Apd.3.15.5; Hdt.1.173, 7.92; Pau.4.2.6; Strab.12.8.5].
Lycus 8. See CENTAURS.
Lycus 9. One of the exiled Aeneas' lost companions [Vir.Aen.1.222].
Lycus 10. One of the soldiers of Aeneas in Italy. He was killed by Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.9.544, 9.559].
Lycus 11 (see Lycurgus 3) [Hyg.Fab.74, 273].
Lycus 12. One of the TELCHINES who came to join Dionysus 2 in his campaign against India. He was son of Poseidon and Thalatta [see also TELCHINES at CORYBANTES] [Dio.5.55.1-2; Nonn.14.36ff.].
Lycus 13. See SATYRS.
Lycus 14. Along with his father and brothers he joined Deriades against Dionysus 2 in the Indian War. Lycus 14 was son of Aretus 4 and Laobie [Nonn.26.250ff.].
Lycus 15. Defender of Thebes against the SEVEN [Stat.Theb.9.107].
Lycus 16. This is one of those comrades of Diomedes 2 in Italy that were turned into birds [Ov.Met.14.504].
Lycus 17. This is the king of Libya who used to sacrifice strangers to his father Ares. After the sack of Troy Diomedes 2 was taken as a prisoner by Lycus 17 in Libya, but was saved by the king's daughter, Callirrhoe 7, who had fallen in love with him [Plu.PS.23].
Lydus was king of Lydia, the region in Asia Minor that was called after him. Lydus was son of Atys 3 and Callithea, daughter of Choraeus, or of Heracles 1 and probably Omphale. He has been said to have inherited the kingdom from his father Atys 3, son of King Manes, son of Zeus and Gaia [DH.1.27.2; Hdt.1.7, 7.74; Hyg.Fab.162].
Lygaeus. Father of Polycaste 1, allegedly mother of Penelope [Strab.10.2.24].
Lygdus. Defender of Thebes against the SEVEN. He was slain by Parthenopaeus [Stat.Theb.9.764].
Lygea. See NYMPHS.
Lygus fought in the Indian War against the army of Dionysus 2 [Nonn.30.316].
Lyncaeus. Son of Heracles 1 and Tiphyse, one of the many daughters of Thespius [Apd.2.7.8].
Lynceste. One of ACTAEON'S DOGS. See Actaeon.
Lynceus 1. See ARGONAUTS and CALYDONIAN HUNTERS.
Lynceus 2. One of the sons of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Lynceus 3. One of ACTAEON'S DOGS. See Actaeon.
Lynceus 4. King in Thrace, to whom Tereus 1 gave Philomela 1 after having raped her [see Tereus 1]. He was married to Lathusa, friend of Procne, Philomela 1's sister [Hyg.Fab.45].
Lynceus 5. One of the companions of Aeneas in Italy. He was killed by Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.9.768].
Lyncides, counted among the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS, was involved in the fight between Phineus 1 and Perseus 1 and killed Hypseus [Ov.Met.5.99].
Lyncus 1. King of Scythia to whom Triptolemus came with Demeter's grain, and who attacked him with a sword [compare with the story of Carnabon]. Lyncus 1 was turned into a lynx [see also Demeter] [Ov.Met.5.650ff.].
Lyncus 2. See TROJANS.
Lyrcus 1. Bastard son of Abas 2, son of Lynceus 2 and Hypermnestra 1 (one of the DANAIDS), after whom the place Lyrcea, between Argos and Orneae, was called [Pau.2.25.5].
Lyrcus 2. Son of Phoroneus, his mother being either Teledice or Cinna or Cerdo. Lyrcus 2 was sent by the father of Io to search for her. After having covered a great deal of land and sea without finding the girl, he finally renounced the quest but, being too afraid of Inachus to return to Argos, he went instead to Caunus in Lycia (Asia Minor) where he married the king's daughter, either Hilebia (daughter of Aegialus) or Molpadia 2 (daughter of Staphylus 1, son of Ariadne); by one of them he had a son Basilus [Apd.2.1.1; Hyg.Fab.145; Parth.1.1, 1.3, 1.6; Pau.2.21.1].
Lyrus. Son of Anchises 1 and Aphrodite. Lyrus died childless [Apd.3.12.2].
Lysander. See TROJANS.
Lyse. One of the many daughters of Thespius and Megamede. She consorted with Heracles 1 and had a son Eumedes 1 [Apd.2.4.10, 2.7.8].
Lysianassa 1. See NEREIDS.
Lysianassa 2. Daughter of Epaphus 1, son of Zeus and Io. She is mother, by Poseidon, of Busiris 2, the king of Egypt whom Heracles 1 killed [Apd.2.5.11].
Lysianassa 3. Daughter of King Polybus 9 of Sicyon, son of Hermes and Chthonophyle. Lysianassa 3 married King Talaus of Argos and bore him Adrastus 1 and Mecisteus 1 (both among the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES) [Hdt.5.67; Pau.2.6.6].
Lysianassa 4. Daughter of Priam 1 [Hyg.Fab.90].
Lysides. Son of Priam 1 [Hyg.Fab.90].
Lysidice 1. One of the many daughters of Thespius and Megamede. She consorted with Heracles 1 and had a son Teles [Apd.2.4.10, 2.7.8].
Lysidice 2. Daughter of Pelops 1 and Hippodamia 3. If married with Mestor 1, then she is mother of Alcmena; if married with Electryon 1, then she is married of Hippothoe 3. Both Mestor 1 and Electryon 1 are sons of Perseus 1 and Andromeda. Alcmena is normally considered as daughter of Electryon 1. Hippothoe 3 is, by Poseidon, mother of Taphius, who colonized Taphos and was father of Pterelaus, whose sons, demanding the heritage of Mestor 1, waged war against Mycenae and killed the sons of Electryon 1 [Apd.2.4.5; Plu.The.7.1].
Lysimache 1. Daughter of Abas 3 (son of Melampus 1, king of Argos) and Cyrene. Lysimache 1 married King Talaus of Argos and had children by him: Adrastus 1, Parthenopaeus, Mecisteus 1, Hippomedon 1 [for these four see also SEVEN AGAINST THEBES], Pronax, Aristomachus 1, and Eriphyle [see Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1] [Apd.1.9.13, 3.6.3; Hyg.Fab.14].
Lysimache 2. Daughter of Priam 1 [Apd.3.12.5].
Lysinomus. One of the sons of Electryon 1 and Anaxo 1. Like many of his brothers he was killed by the sons of Pterelaus [see also Mycenae, Amphitryon and Alcmena] [Apd.2.4.5-6].
Lysippe 1. One of the many daughters of Thespius and Megamede. She consorted with Heracles 1 and had a son Erasippus [Apd.2.4.10, 2.7.8].
Lysippe 2. One of the daughters of Proetus 1 (uncle of Danae) and Stheneboea. She went mad but was purified by Melampus 1, later king of Argos [Apd.2.2.2].
Lysithoe. Mother, by Zeus, of Heracles 4 [Cic.ND.3.42].
Lysithous. Son of Priam 1 [Apd.3.12.5].
Lyssa (Madness).
Lytaea. One of the daughters of Hyacinthus 2 who were sacrificed by the Athenians to avoid famine and pestilence during their war against Minos 2 [see also Hyacinthus 2] [Apd.3.15.8].
Macar 1 (Macareus 5). King of Lesbos. He was son either of Helius and Rhode 2 [see HELIADES 2 at Helius], or of Crinacus, son of Zeus. Macar 1 is father of Methymna, Mytilene, and Cydrolaus [DH.1.18.1; Dio.5.56.3-5, 5.81.4-8; Hom.Il.24.544].
Macar 2 (Macareus 4) is remembered for having fallen in love with his sister Canace (with whom he had a daughter Amphissa), and also for having killed himself on account of her. Macar 2 is son either of Aeolus 1, or of Aeolus 2 and Amphithea 4 [Hyg.Fab.238, 242; Ov.Her.11; Pau.10.38.4-5; Plu.PS.28].
Macareus 1. Son of Lycaon 2 [Apd.3.8.1; Pau.8.3.1ff.].
Macareus 2. A Neritian (Ithacan) comrade of Odysseus who had stayed behind after the long wanderings and whom Aeneas met. He had been among those who Circe turned into pigs [Ov.Met.14.159ff.].
Macareus 3. See LAPITHS.
Macareus 4 (see Macar 2) [Hyg.Fab.238; Ov.Her.11; Plu.PS.28].
Macareus 5 (see Macar 1) [Dio.5.81.1].
Macaria, daughter of Heracles 1 and Deianira 1 slew herself in compliance with an oracle that had declared that the children of Heracles 1 and HERACLIDES, by then refugees in Athens, could only attain victory if one of them would die a voluntary death [Eur.Hcl.passim; Pau.1.32.6].
Macednus. Son of Lycaon 2 [Apd.3.8.1].
Macedon. Son of Zeus and Thyia 2 (daughter of Deucalion 1, the man who survived the Flood) after whom the district of Macedonia in northern Greece was called [Hes.CWE.3].
Maceris (Heracles 3) was a Libyan, celebrated mainly because of his journey to Delphi. Maceris was father of Sardus, the first to sail to Sardinia (the large island west of Italy) [Pau.10.13.8, 10.17.2].
Machaereus. A Phocian. When Neoptolemus went to Delphi to demand satisfaction from Apollo for the death of his father, he plundered the votive offerings and set fire to the temple, being on that account slain by Machaereus [but see also Neoptolemus] [Apd.Ep.6.14].
Machaon. See SUITORS OF HELEN, ACHAEAN LEADERS, WOODEN HORSE and Asclepius.
Machimus. One of ACTAEON'S DOGS. See Actaeon.
Macris, daughter of Aristaeus and Autonoe 2, is one of the nurses of Dionysus 2, whom she fed on honey, while she still lived in the island of Euboea. But when Hera learned that Hermes had brought Dionysus 2 to Macris she drove her from that island. Macris then changed her residence and went to dwell in which became a sacred cave in Phaeacia, and the whole island of Phaeacia or Corcyra was called Macris Isle, to be distinguished from Abantian Macris which was her first residence in Euboea. It was in the sacred cave of Macris Isle that Jason married Medea. Her father Aristaeus, a favorite of the MUSES, discovered honey and the fatness of olive; her mother is one of the daughters of Cadmus. Macris' brother Actaeon became known for having been devoured by his own dogs [see also Demeter and Phaeacians] [Apd.3.4.2-4; Arg.4.540, 4.1131].
Maemalus. Father of Pisander 4, counted among the ACHAEANS [Hom.Il.16.193].
MAENADS (BACCHANTS).
Maenalus 1. Son of Lycaon 2. It was at the instigation of the eldest of the brothers, Maenalus 1, that the sons of Lycaon 2 offered Zeus hospitality; and having slaughtered a male child, they mixed his bowels with the sacrifices, causing Zeus' wrath [Apd.3.8.1; Pau.8.3.1ff.].
Maenalus 2. Father of Atalanta [Apd.3.9.2].
Maenalus 3. See TROJANS.
Maeon 1. See SEERS and Antigone 2.
Maeon 2. An ally of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy. He was brother of Numitor 1 and Alcanor 2. Maeon 2 was killed by Aeneas [Vir.Aen.10.336].
Maeon 3. Father of Agelaus 11, counted among the TROJANS [QS.3.229].
Maera 1. See NEREIDS.
Maera 2. See BESTIARY and CONSTELLATIONS.
Maera 3. Daughter of Atlas and mother, by Tegeates, of Leimon, Scephrus, Archedius, Gortys 2, and Cydon 1 [see also Crete] [Hom.Od.11.326; Pau.8.12.7, 8.48.6, 8.53.2-4].
Maera 4, daughter of Proetus 2, son of Thersander 2, son of Sisyphus, was still a maid when she died [Pau.10.30.5].
Maera 5. An Argive woman (daughter of Erasinus, one of the RIVER GODS) who received Britomartis [Lib.Met.40].
Maera 6. Priestess of Aphrodite, and mother of two sons killed by Tydeus 2 during the war of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES [Stat.Theb.8.477].
Maesis is remembered for having made, together with his brothers, hero-shrines of his ancestors. He was son of Hyraeus, son of Aegeus 2, son of Oeolycus, son of Theras, son of Autesion 1, son of Tisamenus 1, son of Thersander 1, son of Polynices, son of Oedipus [Pau.3.15.8].
Magnes 1. Son either of Aeolus 1 and Enarete or of Zeus and Thyia 2. By a naiad Magnes 1 fathered Polydectes 1, Dictys 1, Eioneus 3, and Pierus [Apd.1.3.3, 1.7.3, 1.9.6; Hes.CWE.3; Pau.6.21.11].
Magnes 2. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Magnes 3, after whom Magnesia (the coastal area of eastern Thessaly south of Mount Ossa) was called, was son of Argus 3 (son of Phrixus 1, son of Athamas 1) and Perimele 2, daughter of Admetus 1 and Alcestis. Magnes 3 had a son Hymenaeus 2, whom Apollo loved [Lib.Met.23].
Magus was a warrior and ally of Turnus in the war against Aeneas in Italy. Aeneas caught him in battle and Magus implored him not to kill him offering gold and silver for his life. However Aeneas was not persuaded and cut his throat [Vir.Aen.10.521ff.].
Maia. See PLEIADES and Hermes.
Maiden Tegean. This is the girl who Aristomelidas, despot of Orchomenus in Arcadia, took by force. Having got her into his power, he entrusted her to the keeping of Chronius. But the girl, before being delivered up to Aristomelidas, killed herself for fear and shame; and Chronius, stirred up by Artemis, slew Aristomelidas [Pau.8.47.6].
MAIDENS. "Maidens" are called the three daughters of Scamander 2 (son of Deimachus 4, son of Eleon) and Acidusa (after whom a spring in Boeotia was called), who are honoured in Boeotia [Plu.GQ.41].
Malaus. Descendant of Agamemnon and colonizer of Aeolia, about the same time as Penthilus 1, son of Orestes 2 [Strab.13.1.3].
Mamercus 1. Son of the celebrated sage Pythagoras. It is said that the son of Numa 3, king of Rome, was called after him [Plu.Num.8.9].
Mamercus 2. Son of King Numa 3 of Rome called after Pythagoras' son. The members of the family of the Mamercii are said to descend from him [Plu.Num.8.9, 21.2].
Mandrolytus. When his city was besieged by Leucippus 8, he was betrayed by his daughter Leucophrye who fell in love with the assailant [Parth.5.6].
Manes. Son of Zeus and Gaia. He was the first king of Lydia. By Callirrhoe 1 (one of the OCEANIDS) Manes had sons: Atys 3 and Cotys 2 [see also Croesus] [DH.1.27.1-2; Hdt.1.94, 4.45].
Maniae. See PERSONIFICATIONS, and Madness (Mania).
Mantineus 1. Father of Aglaia 2, mother of Acrisius (father of Danae) and Proetus 1 [Apd.2.2.1].
Mantineus 2. Son of Lycaon 2 and founder of the city of Ptolis in Arcadia.
Mantius. Son of Melampus 1 (counted among the SEERS) and Iphianira 1, daughter of Megapenthes 2, king of Argos. Mantius was father of Clitus 3, Polyphides 2, and Oicles [Hom.Od.15.242, 15.249; Pau.6.17.6].
Manto 1. See SEERS.
Manto 2 came to Megara with her sister Astycratea in order to purify Alcathous 3 for having killed his son. She was daughter of Polyidus 1, counted among the SEERS [Pau.1.43.5].
Manto 3. Daughter of Melampus 1 (counted among the SEERS) and Iphianira 1 [Dio.4.68.5].
Marathon. King of Corinth. Marathon is said to have escaped from the lawless violence of his father Epopeus 1, migrating to the sea coast of Attica. On his father's death he came to Peloponnesus, divided his kingdom among his sons Corinthus and Sicyon and returned to Attica. Marathon's mother was Antiope 3 [see also Sicyon] [Apd.3.5.5; Pau.2.1.1, 2.3.10, 2.6.5].
Marathus was in the army of the DIOSCURI at the time when these came to Athens to rescue Helen, who had been abducted by Theseus. After him the township of Marathon was called. Marathus died when, in accordance with some oracle, he voluntarily gave himself to be sacrificed in front of the line of battle [Plu.The.32.4].
Marcius 1. This is the kinsman of Numa 3 who induced him to accept the throne of Rome. After the death of Numa 3 he competed for the throne with Tullus Hostilius, and being defeated, starved himself to death. Marcius 1 had a son Marcius 2 [Plu.Num.5.2, 21.3].
Marcius 2. Son of Marcius 1, husband of Pompilia (daughter of Numa 3), and father by her of Ancus Marcius, king of Rome after Tullus Hostilius [Plu.Num.21.3].
MARES MAGNESIAN. See BESTIARY.
MARES OF DIOMEDES 1. See BESTIARY and HERACLES 1'S LABOURS.
MARES OF LAOMEDON 1. See BESTIARY.
Margasus. A man from Caria (the southwestern region of Asia Minor), husband of Phyllis 2 and father of Alcaeus 5 (counted among the TROJANS) [QS.10.143].
Mariandynus. Son of Phineus 2 [Hes.CWE.39].
Marica. See NYMPHS.
Maris. See TROJANS.
Marmax was the first suitor of Hippodamia 3. Like other SUITORS OF HIPPODAMIA 3 he was killed by the bride's father Oenomaus 1 [see also Pelops 1] [Pau.6.21.7].
Maron 1. A priest of Apollo from Ismarus, a city of the Ciconians (people living on the southwestern coast of Thrace), which Odysseus pillaged during his return from the Trojan War, and the only one whom Odysseus spared. Maron 1 was son of Evanthes 1, son of Oenopion 1, son of Ariadne [Apd.Ep.7.2; Hes.CWE.86; Hom.Od.9.197].
Maron 2. See SATYRS.
Marpe. See AMAZONS.
Marpessa 1 was loved by Apollo but carried off by Idas 2 in a winged chariot which he received from Poseidon. She chose Idas 2 before Apollo as husband of fear that Apollo might desert her in her Old Age. When Idas 2 was killed by Polydeuces (one of the DIOSCURI), Marpessa 1 killed herself. This woman was daughter of Evenus 2 (son either of Ares or of Heracles 1) and Alcippe 5, daughter of Oenomaus 1 and sister of Hippodamia 3, wife of Pelops 1. Marpessa 1 and Idas 2 had a daughter Cleopatra 4 [Apd.1.7.8, 1.8.2; Hom.Il.9.557; Pau.4.2.7; Plu.PS.40].
Marpessa 2. A Theban woman whose betrothed (Phylleus) was killed by Tydeus 2 at the time of the war of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES [Stat.Theb.3.172].
Marpsius. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Marse. One of the many daughters of Thespius and Megamede. She consorted with Heracles 1 and had a son Bucolus 1 [Apd.2.4.10, 2.7.8].
Marsyas.
Massicus. An ally of Aeneas in Italy who led a contingent one thousand strong [Vir.Aen.10.166].
Mastor 1. Father of Lycophron, one of the ACHAEANS [Hom.Il.15.430].
Mastor 2. Father of Halitherses, one of the SEERS [Hom.Od.2.157].
Mastusius mixed with wine the blood of the daughters of Demophon 3 inviting him to drink. Demophon 3, king of Elaeusa near Troy, had to sacrifice one girl every year because of a plague which had fallen over the country. That was the remedy recommended by an oracle. However he would always pass over his own daughters, choosing by lot, on every occasion, one of the daughters of the nobles. This unfair scheme offended Mastusius, a man of the highest rank, who said that he would not allow his daughter to participate in the drawing unless the king's daughters were included. Some rulers, however, deeply disliking to be called unjust, find such occasions adequate to give lessons and warnings to others on the subject of authority. This is why he decided to kill Mastusius' daughter without drawing lots at all. At first Mastusius pretended not to resent the outrage, seeming to believe that his daughter might have perished anyway if the lots had been taken. And as it is easy to induce him, who has committed a evil deed, to forget it, the king, seeing that Mastusius was in friendly terms with him, left the whole story behind. One day Mastusius invited Demophon 3 and his daughters for a celebration at his house, and as the king was busy with a state affair, he sent his daughters ahead, saying that he would come later. When the king's daughters arrived Mastusius killed them and, mixing their blood with wine in a bowl, bade it be given as a drink to the king on his arrival. When Demophon 3 learned what had happened, he ordered Mastusius and the bowl to be thrown into the sea, but ancient Astronomers pictured it in stars [see also CONSTELLATIONS], so that men might bear in mind that no one can profit from an evil deed with impunity, nor can hostilities be easy forgotten [Hyg.Ast.2.40].
Meander. See RIVER GODS.
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