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Artaceus. One of the Dolionians, people of northwestern Asia Minor, visited by the ARGONAUTS. Artaceus was killed by Meleager [Arg.1.1046].
Artemiche is remembered for having opposed her brothers who wished to sacrifice asses against Apollo's will. Yet, when instead the asses started to devour the whole family, Leto and Artemis turned Artemiche into a bird. She was the daughter of Clinis and Harpe 1 [Lib.Met.20].
Artemis.
Arybas. A rich Phoenician from Sidon, father of Eumaeus 1's nurse (Woman 16 Sidonian). She had in former times being sold as a slave to Eumaeus 1's father Ctesius 1 by Taphian pirates. Later Phoenician merchants promised to take her back to her land, and when she fled with them, she took with her the boy Eumaeus 1. She never returned home, being killed during the voyage by Artemis, which means that she fell sick and died [Hom.Od.15.426].
Asaeus. See ACHAEANS.
Asbolus 1. See CENTAURS.
Asbolus 2. One of Actaeon's dogs. See Actaeon.
Asbutes. A soldier in Aeneas' army. He was killed by Turnus, the chieftain who opposed Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.12.362].
Ascalabus is the man who laughed at Demeter's way of drinking, when she, very thirsty, came to Attica looking for her daughter Persephone. The goddess, who did not appreciate this fellow's manners, turn him into a gecko. Ascalabus was son of Misme [Lib.Met.24].
Ascalaphus 1. An Argive, son of Lycus 4 and Pernis or of Ares and Astyoche 5, daughter of Actor 7, son of Azeus, son of Clymenus 2, son of Presbon, son of Phrixus 1, son of Athamas 1. Ascalaphus 1 is counted among the ARGONAUTS, the SUITORS OF HELEN, and the ACHAEAN LEADERS. He perished at Troy killed by Deiphobus 1 [Apd.1.9.16, 3.10.8; Hom.Il.2.494ff., 2.512, Il.13.518; Hyg.Fab.97].
Ascalaphus 2 is the son of the river god Acheron in Hades, either by the avernal Nymph Orphne, or by Gorgyra. Ascalaphus 2 is one of the few who is still being punished in the Underworld. For when Zeus ordered Hades to send back Persephone, whom he had carried off, Hades gave her a seed of a pomegranate to eat, in order that she might not stay with her mother. And she, not foreseeing the consequence, swallowed it. It was Ascalaphus 2 who bore witness against her; and for doing so Demeter laid a heavy rock on him in the Underworld. They say that when later Heracles 1 rolled away the stone of Ascalaphus 2, Demeter turned him into a short-eared owl [Apd.1.5.3, 2.5.12; Ov.Met.5.539].
Ascanius 1. Son of Priam 1 [Apd.3.12.5; Hyg.Fab.90].
Ascanius 2 (Iulus 1, Euryleon 1). Ascanius 2 was saved from Troy by his father Aeneas, who migrated to Italy. His mother was either Creusa 2, daughter of Priam 1 and Hecabe 1, or Eurydice 10, otherwise unknown. Ascanius 2 became king of Latium after his father, being credited with the foundation of Alba on Mount Albanus. Ascanius 2, some say, married Roma 2, daughter of Italus and Leucaria, or of Telephus, the son of Heracles 1; some have said that the city Rome was called after her. It was by other women, however, that Ascanius 2 had sons: Iulus 2 and Romus. Upon his death, in the 38th year of his reign, Silvius, his brother, succeeded to the rule [DH.1.65.1, 1.66.1, 1.70.1-3, 1.72.6; Ov.Met.14.610; Pau.10.26.2; Plu.Rom.2.1; Strab.5.3.2; Vir.Aen.2.675].
Ascanius 3. See TROJAN LEADERS.
Aschetos. See BESTIARY.
Asclepius.
Ascra. Mother by Poseidon of Oeoclus who, along with the ALOADS founded a city Ascra in Boeotia [Pau.9.29.1].
Aseatas. One of the sons of impious Lycaon 2. He founded the city Asea in Arcadia [Pau.8.3.4].
Asia 1. See NEREIDS.
Asia 2. See OCEANIDS.
Asies. Son of Cotys 2 and Halie 2. Cotys 2 was son of Manes, the first king of Lydia, Asia Minor [DH.1.27.1].
Asilas 1 is the ally of Turnus who killed Corynaeus, one of Aeneas' companions in Italy [Vir.Aen.9.571].
Asilas 2. A seer and ally of Aeneas in Italy. He was a master at divining from the entrails of sacrificed beasts [Vir.Aen.10.175].
Asius 1. See TROJAN LEADERS.
Asius 2. Son of Dymas 2 and uncle to Hector 1. Asius 2 dwelt in Phrygia near the river Sangarius. Apollo addressed Hector 1 in his shape [Hom.Il.16.717].
Asius 3. Son of Imbrasus and companion of Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.10.123].
Asopis 1. One of the many daughters of Thespius and Megamede. Like her sisters she consorted with Heracles 1, and had by him a son Mentor 1 [Apd.2.4.10, 2.7.8].
Asopis 2. Daughter of the river god Asopus and Metope 1, daughter of the river god Ladon 1 [Dio.4.72.1].
Asopus. See RIVER GODS.
Aspalis, daughter of Argaeus, refused to be taken by force by Tartarus 2 and, having hanged herself, was turned into a statue of Artemis [Lib.Met.13].
Aspetos. A chieftain of the Earsleepers, men who sleep lying upon their long ears. He armed himself against Dionysus 2 in the Indian War [Nonn.26.97].
Asphalion. One of king Menelaus' squires in Lacedaemon [Hom.Od.4.216].
Asphodicus (see Amphidicus) [Pau.9.18.6].
Aspledon. Eponym of the place called Aspledon, near Boeotian Orchomenus. He was son of Poseidon and Mideia [Pau.9.38.9].
Ass. This is Silenus' saddle-ass, with which Priapus contended 'on a matter of physique' (the size of their penes). For this, or for giving out an ill-timed roar, when Priapus was about to make love to Lotis, this ass was slain by Priapus [see also Asses 2]. This ass is found among the CONSTELLATIONS [Hyg.Ast.2.23; Ov.Fast.1.433].
Assaon has been called father of Niobe 2, the mother of the NIOBIDS. It is said that he desired his daughter but, as she refused him, he burned to death all her children (the NIOBIDS). Later, it is said, when his daughter had committed suicide, he pondered over his deeds and killed himself. But others say otherwise: see NIOBIDS [Parth.33].
Assaracus. King of the Dardanians, who lived in the region about Troy. He was son of Tros 1, after whom the Trojans were called, in turn son of Erichthonius 1, son of Dardanus 1, son of Zeus and Electra 3, one of the PLEIADES. His mother was Callirrhoe 3, daughter of the river god Scamander 1, or perhaps Acallaris, daughter of Eumedes 6, otherwise unknown. He has also been called son of Aesyetes and Cleomestra. Assaracus married either Hieromneme, daughter of the river god Simois, or Clytodora, daughter of King Laomedon 1 of Troy, and he fathered, by one of them, Ganymedes and Capys 1. The latter, who recommended throwing the WOODEN HORSE into the sea, was father of Anchises 1 [Apd.3.12.2; DH.1.62.2; Dictys 4.22; Dio.4.75.5; Hyg.Fab.224; Ov.Fast.4.34].
ASSES 1. See BESTIARY.
ASSES 2. See BESTIARY.
ASSES 3. See BESTIARY.
Astacia. See NYMPHS.
Astacus. Father of several defenders of Thebes during the war of the SEVEN. His sons were: Melanippus 1, Ismarus 1, Leades, and Amphidicus [Aes.Sev.375ff.; Apd.3.6.8].
Asteria 1 is the daughter either of the TITANS Coeus and Phoebe 1, or of Titan. It is said that in order to escape the amorous advances of Zeus, she flung herself into the sea in the likeness of a quail. Others have said that the god himself turned her into a quail. By Zeus she became the mother of Heracles 6, who was worshipped at Tyre; and by Perses 1, the son of the TITANS Crius 1 and Eurybia 1, she had a daughter Hecate [Apd.1.2.2-4, 1.4.1; Cic.ND.3.42; Hes.The.409-411; Hyg.Fab.53].
Asteria 2. See DANAIDS.
Asteria 3. See AMAZONS.
Asteria 4 (see Astris) [Nonn.23.236].
Asterides. Son of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Asterion 1 (see Asterius 1) [AO.163; Arg.1.35; Pau.5.17.9; Val.1.355].
Asterion 2. See RIVER GODS.
Asterion 3 (see Asterius 3) [Nonn.1.354, 2.695].
Asterion 4. Servant of Astraeus 1 [Nonn.6.66].
Asterion 5 (Asterius 8). See ARGONAUTS.
Asterius 1 (Asterion 1). See ARGONAUTS.
Asterius 2 was son of Neleus and Chloris 1. He was killed by Heracles 1, who also slew his brothers [Apd.1.9.9, 2.7.3].
Asterius 3 (Asterion 3) is the king of Crete who married Europa and brought up her children by Zeus. Himself he was childless, or perhaps he had a daughter Crete 1, sometimes said to be the wife of Minos 2. Asterius 3 was son of Tectamus, who sailed to Crete with Aeolians and Pelasgians and became king of the island, and a daughter of Cretheus 1, son of Aeolus 1. Tectamus, from whom Asterius 3 inherited the throne of Crete, was son of Dorus 1, eponym of the Dorians and son of Hellen 1, eponym of the Hellenes and son of Deucalion 1, the man who survived the Flood [Apd.3.1.2; Dio.4.60.2-3; Nonn.2.695].
Asterius 4 was the ruler of Anactoria, later called Miletus, in Asia Minor. He was son of Anax, son of Gaia [Pau.7.2.5].
Asterius 5 commanded the Cretans who joined Dionysus 2 in his campaign against the Indians. He never returned to Crete but settled among the Colchians in the eastern coast of the Black Sea and called them Asterians. Asterius 5 was son of Minos 2 and Androgenia, a girl from Phaestus in Crete. Asterius 5 is the father of Miletus, Caunus, and Byblis [Nonn.13.223, 13.245, 13.546ff.].
Asterius 6. Son of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Asterius 7 (see Minotaur) [Apd.3.1.4].
Asterius 8 (see Asterion 5) [AO.217; Arg.1.176].
Asterodia 1 is one of the children of King Deion of Phocis, son of Aeolus 1, and Diomede 1, daughter of Xuthus 1, brother of Aeolus 1 [Apd.1.9.4].
Asterodia 2 was, by Endymion, mother of Paeon 2, Epeius 1, Aetolus 2, and Eurycyda [see also Elis] [Pau.5.1.4].
Asterodia 3. See NYMPHS.
Asteropaeus. See TROJANS.
Asterope 1 (Hesperia 2). See NYMPHS.
Asterope 2 married Hippalcimus 2 and had a son Peneleus, who is counted among the ARGONAUTS, the SUITORS OF HELEN, the ACHAEAN LEADERS, and those who hid inside the WOODEN HORSE [Hyg.Fab.97].
Asterope 3 (see Sterope 3) [Hyg.Fab.84].
Asterope 4. Mother of Circe by Helius, according to some [AO.1216].
Asteropia is one of the daughters of King Pelias 1 of Iolcus. Her mother was either Anaxibia 2 or Phylomache. Asteropia was, along with her sisters (among which Alcestis), deluded by Medea, and caused her father's death. On account of that scandal she migrated to the Mantineans in Arcadia [see also ARGONAUTS and Medea] [Pau.8.11.3].
Astrabacus is the man who, along with his brother Alopecus, became mad on finding the statue of Artemis Orthia. These brothers were sons of Irbus, son of Amphisthenes, son of Amphicles, son of King Agis 1 of Sparta, son of Eurysthenes 1, son of Aristodemus, son of Aristomachus 2, son of Cleodaeus 2, son of Hyllus 1, son of Heracles 1 [Pau.3.16.9].
Astraea is Dike.
Astraeis was an Indian captain who opposed Dionysus 2 during the latter's campaign in India. Astraeis was son of King Brongus 2 of the Sibai, people living in India [Nonn.14.305, 17.98, 26.221].
Astraeus 1. See TITANS.
Astraeus 2. See SATYRS.
Astreus. One of the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS who were in the court of Cepheus 1 on the occasion of the fight between Phineus 1 and Perseus 1. Astreus, son of a Syrian woman (Woman 5 Syrian) was killed by Perseus 1 [Ov.Met.5.144].
Astris (Asteria 4). One of the HELIADES 1, daughters of Helius, either by Clymene 1 or Ceto 3. She married the river god Hydaspes 1 and became mother of Deriades, King of India [Nonn.17.282, 23.236, 26.355].
Astyages 1 is one of the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS who were in the court of Cepheus 1 on the occasion of the fight between Phineus 1 and Perseus 1. He was turned into a stone when he saw the head of Medusa 1, which Perseus 1 showed [Ov.Met.5.205].
Astyages 2. A soldier in the army of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES. He was killed by Hypseus 3 [Stat.Theb.9.253].
Astyaguia is the grandmother of Ixion, who is still punished in the Underworld [see Immortals]; for she married Periphas 2, son of Lapithus 1, son of Apollo, and had by him a son Antion, reported to be the father of Ixion. Astyaguia was daughter of Hypseus 1, son of the river god Peneus and king of the LAPITHS, and of a Nymph (Nymph 7) [Dio.4.69.3].
Astyalus. See TROJANS.
Astyanax 1. Son of Heracles 1 and Epilais, one of the many daughters of Thespius [Apd.2.7.8].
Astyanax 2 (Scamandrius 2) was still a baby by the end of the Trojan War. He was thrown from the battlements at Troy by the Achaeans when they sacked the city; some have said that Neoptolemus threw him down from a tower, whereas others say that he was murdered by Odysseus. In spite of the different death accounts, he is also said to have been taken prisoner by Neoptolemus and later allowed to return home from Greece, becoming king of Scepsis near Mount Ida in the Troad. Astyanax 2 was son of Hector 1 and Andromache [Apd.Ep.5.23; DH.1.47.5; Eur.And.10; Eur.Tro.719, 725ff., 1121; Hom.Il.6.402; Hyg.Fab.109; LI.14; Ov.Met.13.415; Pau.10.25.9; QS.13.251; SI.1; Strab.13.1.52; Try.645].
Astyanax 3. A man of the race of Arcas 1, son of Zeus and Callisto [Pau.8.38.5].
Astybies. Son of Heracles 1 and Calametis, one of the many daughters of Thespius [Apd.2.7.8].
Astycratea is remembered for having come to Megara with her sister Manto 2 to purify Pelops 1's son Alcathous 3 for having killed his son Callipolis. Astycratea was daughter of Polyidus 1, famous among SEERS [Pau.1.43.5].
Astycratia. See NIOBIDS.
Astydamia 1. Daughter of Pelops 1 and Hippodamia 3. She married Alcaeus 1, son of Perseus 1 and Andromeda, and had children by him: Amphitryon (stepfather of Heracles 1), Anaxo 1 (grandmother of Heracles 1), and Perimede 2 [Apd.2.4.5-6].
Astydamia 2 was daughter either of Amyntor 1, son of Ormenus 3, son of Cercaphus 2, son of Aeolus 1, or of Ormenius 1, King in Pelasgiotis (Peloponnesus). Astydamia 2 consorted with Heracles 1 and gave birth to a child Ctesippus 1 [Apd.2.7.8; Dio.4.37.4].
Astydamia 3 was married to King Acastus of Iolcus. When Peleus came to the city, she fell in love with him but he, being a guest, refused her. She then sent a message to Peleus' wife, saying that Peleus was about to marry Astydamias 3's daughter Sterope 5. On learning this, Peleus' wife hanged herself, while Astydamia 3 accused Peleus to her husband, alleging that he had attempted her virtue. When later Peleus, Jason and the DIOSCURI laid waste Iolcus, he slaughtered Astydamia 3, and having divided her limb from limb, he led the army through her into the city. Something similar is told of Hippolyte 5, said to be the wife of Acastus [Apd.3.13.1-3, 3.13.7].
Astygites, son of Argaeus, had a sister Aspalis, who hanged herself because of the violence that was inflicted on her by Tartarus 2, the arrogant tyrant of Melite, a city in Phthiotis, southern Thessaly. Avenging his sister, Astygites killed Tartarus 2 [Lib.Met.13].
Astygonus. Son of Priam 1 [Apd.3.12.5].
Astylochus. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Astynome 1 is mother, by Hipponous 1, of Capaneus, one of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES. She was daughter of King Talaus of Argos and Eurynome 2 [Hyg.Fab.70].
Astynome 2. See NIOBIDS.
Astynomia. An attendant of Harmonia 3 [see PERSONIFICATIONS] [Nonn.41.291].
Astynomus. Son of Priam 1 [Hyg.Fab.90].
Astynous 1. Son of Phaethon 1 and Aphrodite. He had a son Sandocus, who migrated from Syria to Cilicia in Asia Minor [Apd.3.14.3].
Astynous 2. See TROJANS.
Astynous 3. See TROJANS.
Astyoche 1. See NIOBIDS.
Astyoche 2. Daughter of King Phylas 1 of Ephyra, a Thesprotian city. Astyoche 2 consorted with Heracles 1 and had by him a son Tlepolemus 1, who is found among the SUITORS OF HELEN and the ACHAEAN LEADERS [Apd.2.7.6].
Astyoche 3. Daughter of the river god Simois. Some believe that she was wife of Erichthonius 1 and mother of Tros 1, eponym of the Trojans [Apd.3.12.2].
Astyoche 4. Daughter of King Laomedon 1 of Troy. She married Telephus, son of Heracles 1, and had a son Eurypylus 6 who became one of the TROJAN LEADERS. When the Trojan War was over she was taken captive by the Achaeans; being in Italy and fearing slavery in Greece, she set fire to the vessels, causing the Achaeans to settle there. For this she and her sisters were called Nauprestides [Apd.3.12.3; Apd.Ep.6.15c; QS.6.136].
Astyoche 5. Daughter of Actor 7, son of Azeus, son of Clymenus 2, son of Presbon, son of Phrixus 1, son of Athamas 1. Astyoche 5 consorted with Ares and had sons, Ascalaphus 1 and Ialmenus 1, who are found among the ARGONAUTS, the SUITORS OF HELEN and the ACHAEAN LEADERS. Ialmenus 1 was also among those who hid inside the WOODEN HORSE [Hom.Il.512; Pau.9.37.7].
Astyoche 6 (see Anaxibia 4) [Hyg.Fab.117].
Astyoche 7. A Theban woman whose son Pentheus 2 was killed by Tydeus 2 at the time of the war of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES [Stat.Theb.170].
Astyochus. Son of Aeolus 2 and Cyane 2, and King of Lipara [Dio.5.8.1-2].
Astypalea. Daughter of Phoenix 1 and Perimede 3. Astypalea had sons by Poseidon: Eurypylus 4, Ancaeus 2, and Periclymenus 3 [Apd.2.7.1; Hyg.Fab.157; Pau.7.4.1].
Astypylus. See TROJANS.
Astyr. An ally of Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.10.180].
Atalanta.
Atas. Son of Priam 1 [Apd.3.12.5].
Ate. See PERSONIFICATIONS.
Athamas 1.
Athamas 2 followed his father Oenopion 1 when he sailed from Crete to Chios, the Aegean island off the coast of Ionia in Asia Minor [see also Orion] [Pau.7.4.8].
Athamas 3. Son of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Athamas 4. The city Teos in Ionia, Asia Minor, was founded by Athamas 4, a descendant of Athamas 1 [Pau.7.3.6; Strab.14.1.3].
Athena.
Atheras is known for having afforded hospitality to Demeter when she came to Argos [Pau.2.35.4].
Athis, who is to be counted among the ETHIOPIAN CHIEFS being killed by Perseus 1, was an Indian youth, son of Limnaee, a Nymph of the river Ganges [Ov.Met.5.47ff.].
Athletes. Son of Aegyptus 1. See DANAIDS.
Atinas. An officer in the army of Turnus, the man who opposed Aeneas in Italy [Vir.Aen.11.869].
Atlantia (see Nymphs 3 & 4 Hamadryads). Hamadryad Nymph. See NYMPHS.
ATLANTIANS. See Atlantis.
ATLANTIDES (see HESPERIDES) [Dio.3.60.4, 4.27.2].
Atlas.
Atrax. Father of Caeneus 1, one of the CALYDONIAN HUNTERS [Lib.Met.17].
Atreus.
Atromus. Son of Heracles 1 and Stratonice 2, one of the many daughters of Thespius [Apd.2.7.8].
Atropus. One of the MOERAE.
Attalus. King of Phrygia who at first refused the Ausonian lords permission to bring Cybele, the Mother of the Gods, to Italy [Ov.Fast.4.267].
Atthis. The district Attica, where Athens is, was first called Actaea and afterwards Attica after Atthis, daughter of the autochthon Cranaus and Pedias, daughter of the Lacedaemonian Mynes 1. Some say that Atthis died a maid, but others call her mother of Erichthonius 2 by Hephaestus. She is also believed to have consorted with Amphictyon [see also Athens] [Apd.3.14.5-6; Pau.1.2.6].
Attis.
Atymnius 1 was son of Zeus and Cassiopea 1. It is said that the children of Europa, having fallen in love with him, quarrelled with each other; but something similar is told of Miletus, son of Apollo [Apd.3.1.2].
Atymnius 2. See TROJANS.
Atymnius 3. See TROJANS.
Atys 1 was a companion of the exiled Aeneas in Italy. From him the Roman family of the Atii is said to descend [Vir.Aen.5.568].
Atys 2 was a defender of Thebes against the SEVEN. He was betrothed from childhood to Oedipus' daughter Ismene 2. Atys 2 died in the war killed by Tydeus 2 [Stat.Theb.8.554ff., 8.622ff.].
Atys 3, said to be a descendant of Heracles 1 and Omphale, was king of Lydia after his father. This could be either Manes, son of Zeus and Gaia and first king of Lydia, or Cotys 2, son of Manes and the Callirrhoe 1, one of the OCEANIDS. The wife of Cotys 2 and mother of Atys 3 was Halie 2, daughter of Tyllus, found among those counted as AUTOCHTHONOUS. Atys 3 married Callithea, daughter of Choraeus, and had by her children: Lydus, Tyrsenus, and probably Torebus [DH.1.27.2, 1.28.2; Hdt.1.7, 1.94; Strab.5.2.2].
Auchus was a Cimmerian chieftain in the army of Perses 3 against Aeetes during the Colchian civil war. He was killed by Jason [Val.6.60, 6.619].
Auge 1. See HORAE.
Auge 2 was daughter of Aleus, son of Aphidas 1, son of Arcas 1, son of Zeus and Callisto. After being seduced by Heracles 1, she hid her babe Telephus in the precinct of Athena, whose priesthood she held. However, the land remained barren, and since the oracles declared that it was due to impiety in the precinct of Athena, she was delivered by her father to Palamedes' father Nauplius 1, the sailor, to be put to death, but he gave her to King Teuthras 1 of Mysia, who married her. At her death she was buried in Pergamus [Apd.2.7.5-7ff., 3.9.1; Hyg.Fab.99; Dio.4.33.7; Pau.8.4.9, 8.48.7; Strab.13.1.69].
Augeas. See ARGONAUTS.
Auges. This is one of the so called HELIADES 2, children of Helius and Rhode 2, daughter of Poseidon. Along with his brothers Auges drove the TELCHINES [see CORYBANTES] out of Rhodes [Dio.5.56.3-5; Nonn.14.44].
Aulestes was a Tuscan king, ally of Aeneas in Italy. He was slain by Messapus, an ally of Aeneas' opponent Turnus [Vir.Aen.10.207, 12.289]
Aulis was daughter of King Ogygus, the ancestral ruler of the Ectenes, who reigned in Boeotia before the arrival of Cadmus to Boeotia. After Aulis was named the Boeotian harbour where the Achaean fleet that sailed against Troy gathered [Pau.9.19.6].
Aunus. Apennine farmer and one of Aeneas' warriors in Italy. He was slain by Camilla [Vir.Aen.11.699ff.].
Aura 1. One of Actaeon's dogs. See Actaeon.
Aura 2 was a Phrygian huntress whom Dionysus 2 ravished while asleep. She had twins but killed one of the children. The surviving child is Iacchus. Aura 2 was daughter of Lelantus, one of the TITANS, and Periboea 8, one of the OCEANIDS. She perished after throwing herself into the river Sangarius in Asia Minor, and was transformed into a fountain by Zeus [Nonn.48.242ff., 48.621ff., 48.910ff., 48.928ff.].
Aurophites. Mother by Ocitus of Cycnus 4 [for this name see ACHAEAN LEADERS] [Hyg.Fab.97].
Auson. Italian king father of Liparus [Dio.5.7.5].
Autesion 1. King of Thebes after his father Tisamenus 1, son of Thersander 1, son of Polynices, son of Oedipus. Autesion 1 was father of Argia 4, wife of Aristodemus, one of the HERACLIDES, and of Theras, who founded a colony in Calliste (Thera). It is said that the ERINYES of Laius 1 and Oedipus were angry at him and that, after consulting the oracle, Autesion 1 migrated to the Dorians. On his departure, Damasichthon 2 was chosen to be king [Apd.2.8.3; Hdt.4.147, 6.52; Pau.3.1.7, 9.5.16].
Autesion 2. A warrior in the army of Dionysus 2 during the Indian War. Autesion 2 was killed by Corymbasus, an Indian chief [Nonn.28.112].
Autochthon. One of the first ten kings of Atlantis. He was son of Poseidon and Cleito 2, and twin brother of Mneseus [Pla.Cri.113Dff.].
AUTOCHTHONOUS (SOIL'S OFFSPRING).
Autodice. See DANAIDS.
Autolaus is the illegitimate son of Arcas 1, son of Zeus and Callisto, known for having found and brought up the exposed Asclepius [see also Aresthanas] [Pau.8.4.1, 8.25.11].
Autolycus 1. See ARGONAUTS and Sisyphus.
Autolycus 2 joined, together with his brothers, Heracles 1 in his expedition against the AMAZONS. He never returned, but later he joined the ARGONAUTS. Autolycus 2 was son of Deimachus 3 from Tricca, a city in western Thessaly [Arg.2.955ff.; Val.5.114].
Autolyte. Wife of Metapontus, the King of Icaria who received Arne, when her father (Aeolus 1 or Aeolus 2 or Desmontes) rejected her for being pregnant. In her exile Arne gave birth to Aeolus 3 and Boeotus 1, who were adopted by Metapontus. During a time of civil disorder, these brothers, having grown up, killed Autolyte, who had quarrelled with their mother. Because of this crime Arne and her children, accompanied by many friends, had to leave the kingdom and escape in a boat [Dio.4.67.3ff.].
Automate. See DANAIDS.
Automedon. See ACHAEANS.
Automedusa married Heracles 1's half-brother Iphicles and had by him a son Iolaus 1, who became the carioteeer of Heracles 1. Automedusa's father was Alcathous 3, son of Pelops 1; her mother could have been either Pyrgo 1, first wife of Alcathous 3, or Evaechme 1, daughter of Megareus 2 and Alcathous 3's second wife [Apd.2.4.11; Pau.1.43.4].
Autonoe 1. See DANAIDS.
Autonoe 2 was one of the daughters of Cadmus and Harmonia 1. She married Aristaeus, son of Apollo, and had children by him: Actaeon, Macris, Charmus, and Callicarpus. When Actaeon died, she was overwhelmed with grief, and having left Thebes, she went to live in the Megarian village Erenea, where she, at her death, was buried [Apd.3.4.2-4; Arg.4.1131; Dio.4.81.3, 4.82.4; Hes.The.977; Nonn.5.195; Pau.1.44.5].
Autonoe 3. See NEREIDS.
Autonoe 4. Daughter of Pireus and mother of Palaemon 2 by Heracles 1 [Apd.2.7.8].
Autonoe 5. One of Penelope's maids [Hom.Od.18.182].
Autonous 1. See ACHAEANS.
Autonous 2. See TROJANS.
Autonous 3, son of Melaneus 6, owned many horses. But these, being hungry, attacked his son Anthus 1, and not being regular horses, starting to devour him. His mother, brothers and servant tried to save him but in vain. However, Zeus and Apollo, out of compassion, turned all the members of the family into birds and Antonous 3 himself into a stone curlew. Autonous 3's wife was Hippodamia 7, and his children by her were: Erodius, Anthus 1, Schoeneus 3, Acanthus, and Acanthis [Lib.Met.7].
Autophonus. Father of Polyphontes 2, a defender of Thebes in the war of the SEVEN [Hom.Il.4.395].
Auxo 1. See CHARITES.
Auxo 2. See HORAE.
Aventinus 1. An ally of Turnus against Aeneas in Italy. Aventinus 1 was son of Heracles 1 and Rhea 2, an Italian priestess [Vir.Aen.7.659].
Aventinus 2 (Aventius). King of Alba and Latium after Acrota. From him the place and also the hill took their name. He was succeeded by his son Proca [see also Throne Succession from Troy to Rome, Aeneas, and Romulus] [Dio.7.5.12; Ov.Fast.4.51;Ov.Met.14.619].
Aventius (see Aventinus 2) [Dio.7.5.12].
Avillius (see Aollius) [Plu.Rom.14.7].
Axion 1 (see Agenor 3) [Pau.8.24.10].
Axion 2. See TROJANS.
Axius. See RIVER GODS.
Axylus. See TROJANS.
Azaes. One of the first ten kings of Atlantis. Azaes was son of Poseidon and Cleito 2, and twin brother of Diaprepes [Pla.Cri.113Dff.].
Azan. King of Azania, a district in Arcadia that was called after him. Azan's father was Arcas 1, son of Zeus and Callisto, and his mother was Erato 1, a dryad Nymph. He married Hippolyte 4 and had a daughter Coronis 2, whom Apollo loved, and a son Clitor 2, who became his successor [Dio.4.33.1; Hom.Apo.3.209; Pau.8.4.1-4].
Azeus was the youngest among the sons of King Clymenus 2 of the Minyan Orchomenians, son of Presbon, son of Phrixus 1, son of Athamas 1. Azeus had a son Actor 7 [Pau.9.37.1, 9.37.7].
BACCHANTS (see MAENADS) [Nonn.9.287, 14.250, 17.90].
Bacchus (see Dionysus 2) [Eur.Hipp.560, Nonn.7.12, 7.328, 8.36, 8.352 and passim].
Baius. One of the companions of Odysseus. Founder of Baiae in the Campanian coast near Cumae, southern Italy [Strab.5.4.6].
Balius 1. See BESTIARY.
Balius 2. One of Actaeon's dogs. See Actaeon.
Barce was in the court of Dido. She had previously been the nurse of Dido's husband Sychaeus [Vir.Aen.4.632].
Barisas was a warrior in the army of Perses 3 against Aeetes during the Colchian civil war. He was killed by Calais, one of the ARGONAUTS [Val.6.557].
Barthas. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Basileus. One of the Dolionians, the people living in northwestern Asia Minor. He was killed by Telamon when the ARGONAUTS visited the country [Arg.1.1043].
Basilus. Son of Lyrcus 2. His mother Molpadia 2 was united by her father to Phoroneus' son Lyrcus 2, while the latter was drunk. They say that at first he was angry, but later he took off his belt and gave it to Molpadia 2, asking her to keep it until their offspring had grown up, so that he might possess a token by which he might be recognised. Basilus appeared in Caunus, Lycia, when he was a grown man, and his father, now an old man, recognized him as his son, and gave him his throne [Parth.1.6].
Bathycles. See ACHAEANS.
Batia 1. Daughter of Teucer 2, eponym of the Teucrians who lived in the Troad. Batia 1 married the immigrant Dardanus 1, son of Zeus and Electra 3, one of the PLEIADES, and had by him sons: Ilus 1, Erichthonius 1, and Zacynthus [Apd.3.12.1-2; DH.1.50.3, 1.62.1; Dio.4.75.1-2].
Batia 2. See NYMPHS.
Baton is the charioteer who vanished together with Amphiaraus during the war of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES. Baton was also his relative, but others say that Amphiaraus' charioteer was Elato [Apd.3.6.8; Pau.2.23.2].
Battus 1 was the servant of Neleus who falsely promised Hermes not to tell about the cattle that the god had stolen. For not keeping his promise Hermes turned him into a stone [Lib.Met.23; Ov.Met.2.688ff.].
Battus 2. A Theran, colonizer of Libya and founder of Cyrene. It is told that Battus 2, after founding the city was cured of his stammering when he saw a lion and could not help crying out in a clear and loud voice. He was son of Polymnestus and Phronime, and had son Arcesilaus 2, who became king of Cyrene [Hdt.4.150-159; Pau.3.14.3, 10.15.6; Pin.Pyth.4.6, 4.59, 5.55; Strab.17.3.21].
Battus 3. King of Melite (Malta) who received Anna 1 when she fled her country Carthage, which was invaded by Iarbas after the death of her sister Dido. He felt compelled to let her go to another exile, since he feared Anna 1's brother Pygmalion 2 and his threat of war [Ov.Fast.3.570ff.].
Baucis. See Philemon & Baucis.
Bear. See BESTIARY.
Bellerophon.
Belus 1. King of Egypt and son of Poseidon and Libya, daughter of Epaphus 1, son of Zeus and Io. Belus 1 married Anchinoe, daughter of the river god Nilus, and had children by her: Aegyptus 1, Danaus 1 (father of the DANAIDS), Cepheus 1 (father of Andromeda), Phineus 1, Phoenix 1, Agenor 1 (father of Europa), and Thronia, mother of Arabus by Hermes [Apd.2.1.4; Nonn.3.290, 3.296, 3.297; Strab.1.2.34].
Belus 2. An Assyrian king, father of Dido, Thias, Pygmalion 2, and Anna 1 [Lib.Met.34; Nonn.18.229; Ov.Met.4.213; Vir.Aen.1.346, 1.620].
Belus 3. See HERACLIDES.
Benthesicyme is the daughter of Poseidon and Amphitrite. She was married to an Ethiopian husband with whom she had two daughters, but the names of these are unknown. Benthesicyme brought up Eumolpus 1, love fruit of the liaison between Poseidon and Chione 1, daughter of Boreas 1, one of the WINDS [Apd.3.15.4].
Beroe 1. See NEREIDS.
Beroe 2, wife of Doryclus 2, was an old woman among the Trojan women who followed Aeneas to exile, and who burned the ships in Italy, having been persuaded to do so by Iris 1, who appeared in the shape of Beroe 2 [Vir.Aen.5.621].
Beroe 3. Semele's nurse. Hera, in order to destroy Semele, took the shape of Beroe 3 and told Semele to ask Zeus to come to her as he comes to Hera, so that she would know what pleasure it is to sleep with a god. At her suggestion Semele made this request to Zeus, and was smitten by a thunderbolt [Hyg.Fab.167].
Beroe 4. See OCEANIDS.
Beroe 5 (Amymone 2). See OCEANIDS.
Berosus. Husband of Erymanthe and father by her of the seeress Sabbe [Pau.10.12.9].
BESTIARY. Collection of animals and other creatures.
Bia. See PERSONIFICATIONS.
Biantes 1. See EPIGONI.
Biantes 2. Son of Priam 1 [Hyg.Fab.90].
Bias 1. King of Argos at the time when there were three kingdoms of Argos. One of the other kings was his own brother Melampus 1. After Bias 1, they say, a river in Messenia is called. Bias 1 was son of Amythaon 1, son of Cretheus 1, son of Aeolus 1. His mother was either Idomene, daughter of Pheres 1, son of Cretheus 1, or Aglaia 5. Some say that Bias 1 married one of the daughters of Proetus 1 (Danae's uncle), but others say her wife was Pero 2, daughter of Neleus. By one of them Bias 1 had children: Anaxibia 2, Leodocus, Arius 1, and Talaus [Apd.1.9.10-11, 2.2.2; Arg.1.118; Dio.4.68.3-4; Hdt.9.34; Pau.4.34.4].
Bias 2. Son of Priam 1, and father of Laogonus 2 and Dardanus 2 [Apd.3.12.5; Hom.Il.20.460].
Bias 3. See SUITORS OF PENELOPE.
Bias 4. See ACHAEANS.
Bias 5. Son of Melampus 1, son of Amythaon 1, son of Cretheus 1, son of Aeolus 1, and of Iphianira 1, daughter of Megapenthes 2, son of Proetus 1, uncle of Danae [Dio.4.68.5].
Bias 6. King of Megara until Pylas, son of Cleson, son of Lelex 2, killed him, giving the kingdom to Pandion 4, the king of Athens and son of Cecrops 2 and Metiadusa. Bias 6 was son of Lelex 2, a man who arrived from Egypt and became king in Laconia, southern Greece. His mother was Cleocharia, one of the NYMPHS [Apd.3.15.5].
Biblis (see Byblis) [Hyg.Fab.243].
Bienor 1. See CENTAURS.
Bienor 2. See TROJANS.
Bienor 3. One of the Dolionians, the people living in northwestern Asia Minor. He was killed by the ARGONAUTS when these visited the country. Bienor 3 was son of Pyrnus [Val.3.112].
Bilithus. A warrior in the army of Dionysus 2 during the Indian War. He was killed by Morrheus 1, a general in the Indian army [Nonn.32.222].
Billaeus. A chieftain from Arizantia, who armed himself against Dionysus 2 in the Indian War. He was son of Hippalmus 2 [Nonn.26.217].
Bilsates. Father of Pylaemenes 1, one of the TROJAN LEADERS [Apd.Ep.3.34ff.].
BIRDS. See BESTIARY.
BIRDS STYMPHALIAN. See BESTIARY and HERACLES 1'S LABOURS.
Bisaltes. Mother of Theophane, the woman who gave birth to the Ram with the Golden Fleece [Hyg.Fab.188].
Bisaltis (see Theophane) [Ov.Met.6.117].
Bitias 1. One of the companions of the exiled Aeneas. He was killed, in the Italian wars, with a catapulted projectile thrown by the troops of Turnus. Bitias 1 was son of Alcanor 1 and Iaera 2, a Dryad Nymph [Vir.Aen.1.738, 9.672, 9.703].
Bitias 2 and Cleops (others call them Biton and Cleobis) are the two Argive brothers who were held by the statesman and poet Solon (c. 640 - c. 560 BC) to be the most happy men in the world after Tellus the Athenian, being very strong and both having won prizes in athletic contests. It is told that at a festival of Hera in Argos, their mother had to be taken to the tempe. But as the team of oxen had not yet returned from the fields in time, they took the yoke upon their own shoulders, drawing the wagon a long distance with their mother riding on it. This done, they died. It is told that her mother was Cydippe 2, a Priestess of Hera, and that once she had asked that whatever good might happen to mortals might befall her sons. So when Cleops and Bitias 2 died she realized that there was nothing better for mortals than to die [Hdt.1.31.1; Hyg.Fab.254].
Blanirus. See SUITORS OF HELEN.
Blemys was the chief of the Erythraean Indians who fought against Dionysus 2 in the Indian War. Being defeated by the god, he asked for mercy, and Dionysus 2 sent him and his people to the mouth of the Nile where he became king of the Ethiopians [Nonn.17.385ff.].
Boar 1 Erymanthian. See BESTIARY and HERACLES 1'S LABOURS.
Boar 2 Calydonian. See BESTIARY and CALYDONIAN HUNTERS.
Boar 3. See BESTIARY.
Boar 4. See BESTIARY and Adonis.
Boar 5. See BESTIARY and Attis.
Boar 6. See BESTIARY.
Boeotia. Wife of Hyas and mother of the HYADES 1 [Hyg.Ast.2.21].
Boeotus. Eponym of the Boeotians. He was adopted by Aeolus 2, and in succession to him he took over the kingdom of Aeolis. Boeotus was son of Poseidon, either by Arne or by Antiope 5. Or else he was the son of Itonus 1 and Arne. Boeotus had a son Itonus 2 [Dio.4.67.3-7; Hyg.Fab.157, 186; Pau.9.1.1].
Boethous. Father of Eteoneus 2 [Hom.Od.4.31].
Boetis. See BESTIARY.
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